Consul & Rubicon - Russian parliament approves Supreme Court merger

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30.01.2014

Russian parliament approves Supreme Court merger

     The Federation Council, Russia’s upper house of parliament, approved during a session on Wednesday presidential bills aiming to reform the judiciary by merging the Supreme Court with the Supreme Commercial Court.

     The presidential bills aimed at implementing amendments to Russia’s constitution that had previously been approved by the State Duma, Russia’s lower house of parliament.
The Supreme Court will be granted power to supervise and resolve economic disputes that currently fall  within the jurisdiction of the Supreme Commercial Court.

     There will be 170 judges overall. New judicial branches will be established in the Supreme Court: one for dealing with economic disputes, as well as one for military personnel.

      St. Petersburg will serve as the official residence of the Supreme Court, while it will have an office based in Moscow. The court in St. Petersburg will begin its work on a date chosen by the Russian President in consultation with the Supreme Court, and until that time, the court’s base of operations will remain in Moscow.

     In addition, the amendments regulate the creation of a qualifying board for the selection of judges as well as the creation of an examination committee. Initial members of the Supreme Court will be chosen from among the candidates that pass the qualifying examination. The amendments also stipulate grounds for excluding judicial candidates from the examination.

     The bill must be signed by Russian President Vladimir Putin in order to become law.

      President Putin proposed merging the Supreme Court with the Supreme Commercial Court in June 2013.

      “The courts’ merger will lead the judicial practice in one direction, and will strengthen the guarantees of the most important constitutional principle – equality before the law,” the president explained during his annual Federation Council address in December.

      The current Russian judicial structure has two branches. General jurisdiction courts consider civil lawsuits, crimes and cases involving administrative offenses. This branch of the system is headed by the Supreme Court. Commercial courts, headed by the Supreme Commercial Court, hear economic disputes between legal entities pertaining to civil, administrative and other relationships.

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Consul & Rubicon, Law firm LLC was founded by the attorneys at law & consultants & trustees in bankruptcy practicing in the field of insolvency & restructuring and liquidation of enterprises in 30 May, 2006 (the main state registration number 1063435051107, taxpayer identification number 3435078350, code of tax registration's reason 343501001, location is Russian Federation, Volgograd oblast (former name Stalingrad), city Volzhsky, Lenin prospectus, Building 20, office 11 (Office Center "Staraya Ploshchad"), 404130). During 13 years the companie's specialization is liquidation and bankruptcy of enterprises. The contact person is Dmitry Zipunnikov, attorney at law since 2008 & trustee in bankruptcy since 2011. Please, feel free to phone +79023627056 or send e-mail konrub@bk.ru or WhatsApp calling +7-902-362-70-56. Time zone of our location is Volgograd time (UTC+4).

Method of liquidation	Description (solution to the problem)	Cost	Period
Change of the registration address and the founders & management of the enterprise	This is a quick procedure: change of the founders/shareholders of the company is performed by way of selling the stock/shares to a new owner while the company keeps existing. The sales and purchase transaction must be notarized to confirm the legal capacity of the new owner. From the moment of the state registration of the changes to the constituent documents the former owners cease to bear any liability for the current activities of the company.	cost basis 145 000 rubles	35 days
Reorganization of the enterprise by way of consolidation or merger with another company	The main advantage of this method is as follows: In the event of successful completion of the reorganization procedure the former enterprise shall be considered to have ceased its activities upon making the respective entry into the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities. All its liabilities shall be transferred to its legal successor, including outstanding ones and those that have not been identified at the time of the reorganization.	cost basis 415 000 rubles	4 months
Involuntary bankruptcy of a debtor	If a company already has indebtedness to the budget and/or other creditors and no possibility to redeem it, then the bankruptcy of the debtor is the only legal way to liquidate the company, write off its indebtedness and avoid the liability of its founders and managers. The only thing that the company needs to do is to find a liquidator and a receiver who will be loyal to the debtor from the members of the self-regulating organization of court-appointed professional receivers.	cost basis 350 000 rubles	12 months
Voluntary liquidation of an enterprise by the decision of its founders	Generally, voluntary liquidation is acceptable for organizations with either limited activities or totally inactive. It is also suitable for organizations that are ready to undergo tax audit, i.e. that are sure that their accounting records are well-kept and none of their contractors were “fly-by-night” companies.	cost basis 60 000 rubles	4 months

Method of liquidation	Pros	Cons
Voluntary liquidation of an enterprise by the decision of its founders cost basis 60 000 rubles. Date of performance 4 months	Obtaining a certificate of official liquidation. Ability to pre-decide the fate of the assets. Legal "death" of the firm. Lack of succession to the obligations and debts. If formal procedures are carried out correctly, the liquidation can not be regarded as invalid.	A lot of bureaucratic procedures Considerable expenses: payment services of a lawyer, accountant, liquidator, the repayment of debts to the budget and creditors. Long-term project: more than 4 months Compulsory tax audit. You must provide a certificate from the Pension Fund about the debts' absence.
Change of the founders and management of the enterprise cost basis 145 000 rubles Date of performance 35 days	No tax audit. Reasonable cost of services. Short period of time: 20-30 days. The signing of the act of reception - the transfer of documents. Notarization of the transaction. The company is removed from the tax records	The company is not excluded from the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE). The risks of vicarious liability. The problem of finding a firm's buyer (although it is rather a problem of law firm).
Reorganization of the enterprise by way of consolidation or merger with another company cost basis 415 000 rubles Date of performance 4 months	No tax audit. The company is excluded from the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE) as in official liquidation Short period of time compared to the official liquidation: 3-4 months. If formal procedures performed correctly, the reorganization can not be regarded as invalid.	The firm has a successor It is necessary to place an ad about reorganization in the Bulletin of state registration and wait 2 months. For reorganization in the form of merger it is necessary to get certificate of no debt from the Pension Fund for each of the participants in the reorganization.
Involuntary bankruptcy of a debtor cost basis 350 000 rubles Date of performance 12 months	You will have the opportunity to appoint the bankruptcy commissioner and control the bankruptcy procedure The сompany is immediately declared bankrupt and the stage of receivership is entered The company's debt is officially extinguished The company will be excluded from the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE) by the decision of the Arbitration Court The firm has no successors	Significant costs on the bankruptcy commissioner Risks of vicarious liability for late filing of a bankruptcy petition.
Mandatory removal of inactive legal entities from the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE) by the decision of tax authorities cost basis Free of charge Date of performance from 1 to 5 years	The company is excluded from the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE). The firm has no successors If formal procedures performed correctly, the firm's deletion from the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE) can not be regarded as invalid. Free of charge	The decision about non-performing firm's deletion from the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE) can be accepted only by the tax inspection: not the fact that such decision will be accepted In order to create the possibility of firm's deletion from the Uniform State Register of Legal Entities (USRLE), firm should not work: this is confirmed by the lack of reporting and transactions on your checking account within one year

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